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缂栬呮寜锛?/strong>瀵逛簬闈㈢槴绯诲垪闂锛堥潰鐦侀潰鐦悗閬楃棁銆侀潰鑲岀棄鎸涳級绛夌梾鎯呭悍澶嶆柟闈紝娣勫崥璧靛煿鍗伴潰鐦腑鍖昏嵂鏂囧寲鐨勫奖鍝嶅姏锛屽彲璋撲笟鐣屽ぉ鑺辨澘銆備紶鎵夸竴鐧惧叚鍗佸勾琚杞藉叆瀹樻柟鍙蹭功锛屽苟琚秺鏉ヨ秺澶氱殑鍥藉唴澶栫梾鍙嬪強鍖诲鐣屾墍璁ゅ悓銆?span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">鏃╁湪2009骞村嵆琚北涓滅渷鏀垮簻纭畾涓洪潪鐗╄川鏂囧寲閬椾骇淇濇姢椤圭洰锛屽悗鍙堣崳鑾峰北涓滆佸瓧鍙枫?/span>娣勫崥甯傚涔﹁鏉滅ゥ鑽ｅ悓蹇椾负鍏堕璇嶁滆档鍩瑰嵃闈㈢槴鑶忚嵂鈥濓紝杩欎篃鏄潨涔﹁鍞竴涓哄尰鑽被浜у搧鐨勯璇嶃?/strong>浣滀负榻愬湴涓尰鑽枃鍖栫殑鍏稿瀷浠ｈ〃锛屾穭鍗氳档鍩瑰嵃闈㈢槴鑶忚嵂宸茬粡鎴愪负娣勫崥姘戜織涓尰鑽枃鍖栫殑寮曢鑰呫?br style="text-align: left;"/>
涓銆佸畼鏂瑰彶蹇楄杞?60骞翠紶鎵?/strong>
鍦ㄤ綅浜庢穭鍗氫腑蹇冨煄鍖虹殑璧靛煿鍗伴潰鐦啅鑽簵锛岃鑰呰鍒颁簡绗簲浠ｄ紶鎵夸汉璧电剺鍏堢敓銆傚凡杩戜笂鍗堝崄鐐癸紝璧电剺鍏堢敓杩樻病鏈夋潵寰楀強鍚冩棭楗備粠鏃╀笂鍏偣鍗婂紑濮嬶紝浠栧氨鎺ュ緟鏉ヨ嚜鍏ㄥ浗鍚勫湴鐨勯潰鐦偅鑰呫備竴鍚嶄粠澶╂触鏉ョ殑濡囧コ锛屾鍦ㄥ悜浠栬瘔鑻︼紝鑷繁鍗婅竟鑴告偅鈥滃悐绾块鈥?骞翠簡锛屽埌澶勬眰鍖婚棶鑽紝鐢ㄤ簡澶氱鏂规硶锛屼絾鑷充粖娌″ソ銆傝档鐒樹粩缁嗘煡鐪嬶紝璇︾粏璇㈤棶鐥呮儏锛岄噰鍙栫郴鍒楁帾鏂藉悗锛屾嬁鍑轰竴甯栬啅鑽创鍦ㄤ簡濡囧コ闈㈤儴锛屽憡璇夊ス寰堝揩灏变細鏈夋槑鏄剧枟鏁堬紝涓や釜杩囩▼涓鑸嵆鍙仮澶嶇悊鎯炽傝繖鍚嶅濂宠创鐨勫氨鏄湁鍚嶇殑璧靛煿鍗伴潰鐦佽啅鑽?/span>
鎻愯捣璧靛煿鍗伴潰鐦佽啅鑽紝涓嶅緱涓嶆彁鍙婂彂婧愪簬榻愰瞾澶у湴瀵规垜鍥戒紶缁熶腑鍖诲鐞嗚涓庤剦瀛︿綋绯昏捣鍒板鍩哄湴浣嶇殑榻愭淳涓尰鑽銆備互鎵侀箠銆佹烦浜庢剰绛変负浠ｈ〃鐨勯綈娲句腑鍖昏嵂瀛﹀巻缁忓瞾鏈堟钵妗戯紝涓嶆柇鍙戞壃骞垮ぇ锛屽湪涓尰鍙戝睍鍙蹭笂鏀惧皠鍑虹伩鐑傜殑鍏夎緣锛屽挨鍏舵槸瀵逛綔涓洪綈鍥介兘鍩庡叓鐧惧勾涔嬩箙鐨勬穭鍗氫箖鑷冲北涓滃湴鍖烘皯闂村尰瀛︾殑鍙戝睍浜х敓浜嗗箍娉涜屾繁杩滅殑褰卞搷銆傝岃档鍩瑰嵃闈㈢槴鑶忚嵂锛屽氨鏄牴妞嶄簬榻愭淳涓尰瀛﹁繖鐗囨矁鍦熶笂鐨勬皯闂撮獙鏂逛唬琛ㄣ?/span>
鎹婃穭鍗氬競蹇椼嬶紙1981骞寸紪绾傦級銆併婃穭鍗氬競鍖昏嵂蹇椼嬶紙1989骞寸増锛夈併婃穭鍗氬巻鍙叉枃鍖栭仐浜у崥瑙堛嬶紙2010骞寸増锛夈佹穭鍗氬競妗ｆ灞娣勫崥鏅氭姤鑱斿悎缂栬緫涔嬨婃穭鍗氳蹇嗐嬶紙2007骞寸増锛夈併婃穭鍗氬湴鍚嶆晠浜嬨嬶紙2019骞寸増锛夌瓑娣勫崥甯傚銆佸競鏀垮簻銆佸競鏀垮崗绛夊畼鏂瑰彶鏂欑殑鏄庣‘璁拌浇锛?/span>娣勫崥璧靛煿鍗伴潰鐦啅鑽埗浣滄妧鑹哄叾鍒涘娓婃簮鍙拷婧埌娓呮湞鍚屾不銆佸厜缁勾闂村悕涓尰璧靛彴闃剁殑鈥滃嵃娉藉爞鈥濆尰棣嗐?/strong>銆婃穭鍗氬競蹇椼嬨婃穭鍗氬競鍖昏嵂蹇椼嬪師鏂囪〃杩颁负鈥?/span>1866骞磋档鍙版シ鍙婂叾瀛愯档澶╂触鐙啲鍒跺悐绾块鑶忚嵂涓烘皯鍖荤柧锛岀枟鏁堢嫭鐗癸紝澹板悕杩滄壃锛屾眰鑶忚呯粶缁庝笉缁?/span>鈥濄?span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">銆婃穭鍗氭枃鍙茶祫鏂欍嬬殑璁拌浇锛屽垯鏇翠负璇︾粏锛岀洿鎺ュ崰浜嗕袱涓〉鐮併?/span>
鎹笂杩板畼鏂瑰彶涔﹁杞斤細娓呬唬鍚嶄腑鍖昏档鍙伴樁銆佽档澶╂触锛堝張鍚嶅ぉ淇婏級鍦ㄨ鍖昏繃绋嬩腑锛屽埄鐢ㄤ紶缁熻啅鑽娌荤枟娉曟湁绠渚裤佺粡娴庛佽鏁堝揩鐨勪紭鐐癸紝鎿呴暱浠ラ厤鍒惰啅鑽不鐤楀悇绉嶅唴澶栫柧鐥呫傚ぇ澶氳倢鑲や箣鐤惧強蹇冭吂涔嬫偅锛屼竴寮犺啅鑽氨鑳藉疄鐜拌壇濂界殑鏁堟灉銆傛棦涓嶅奖鍝嶄汉浠姵浣滐紝涔熺渷鍘讳簡鐐埗姹よ嵂绛夌箒鑺傦紝娣卞彈骞垮ぇ鎮ｈ呭ソ璇勩備粬浠涓猴紝澶栫敤璐磋啅娌荤枟鐤剧梾鐨勯亾鐞嗗拰鍐呮不鏂规硶鐩稿悓锛屾槸浠ヤ腑鍖绘暣浣撹蹇靛拰杈╄瘉璁烘不涓哄師鍒欙紝鍙笉杩囨槸缁欒嵂閫斿緞涓嶅悓缃簡銆傝鍖诲疄璺典腑甯搁亣鍙ｇ溂姝偑銆侀潰閮ㄦ娊鎼愮瓑鈥滃悐绾块鈥濈梾浜虹棝鑻︿笉鍫紝闀垮勾楗卞彈鐥呮儏鎶樼（锛屽嵈鑻︽棤鑹硶娌荤枟銆備究娣卞叆閽荤爺锛屼簬1866骞达紙娓呭悓娌讳簲骞达級鐮斿埗鎴愨滃悐绾块鈥濊啅鑽紝灏嗛潰鐦梾浜堜互鏀诲厠锛岃嚦浠婂凡杩戜竴鐧惧叚鍗佸勾鍘嗗彶銆傚洜鍏跺浜庨潰鐦強闈㈣倢鐥夋寷鏈夌嫭鐗圭殑鏁堟灉銆傚凡缁忔垚涓洪綈娲句腑鍖昏嵂鏂囧寲鐨勫悕鐗囥備笉浠呮穭鍗氥佸北涓滃悇鍦帮紝鐢氳嚦浜庡叏鍥藉悇鍦般佷笘鐣屽悇鍦帮紝閮芥湁鏃犳暟鐨勯潰鐦強闈㈢槴鍚庨仐鐥囩梾鎮ｄ笂闂ㄦ眰鍔╋紝鏈鍚庢晥鏋滄弧鎰忋傚叾鑹ソ澹拌獕浜х敓骞挎硾褰卞搷鍔涳紝鍥犳浼犳壙涓鐧惧叚鍗佸骞达紝鍝嶈獕鍥涙柟銆?/span>
浜屻佽佽啅鑽埗浣滄妧鑹轰弗璋ㄣ佽京璇佹柦娌?/strong>
璧靛煿鍗伴潰鐦啅鑽唬琛ㄦт紶鎵夸汉璧电剺璁や负锛氫骇鐢熼潰鑲岀棄鎸涚殑鍘熷洜鍦ㄤ簬鐒﹁檻銆佺揣寮犮佸帇鍔涘ぇ锛屼竴鍙ヨ瘽鈥滆皨铏戜笉閬傗濄備骇鐢熼潰鐦殑鍘熷洜鍦ㄤ簬浜轰綋鍏嶇柅鍔涗笅闄嶇殑鍓嶆彁涓嬶紝闈㈢缁忎骇鐢熷井寰幆闅滅锛岄亣鍒拌鍥狅細濡傛儏缁師鍥狅紙鐢熸皵銆佸鎬曘佺劍铏戙佺揣寮犵瓑锛夛紱鍙楀噳锛堝噳椋庡噳姘村埡婵銆佸紑绐楃潯瑙夈佸紑杞︾獥绛夛級锛涙劅鍐掔梾姣掓劅鏌撶瓑锛屾槗浜х敓銆傚緢澶氫汉闈㈣倢鐥夋寷鍙婇潰鐦梾浜轰箣鍓嶆湁濡備笅缁忓巻锛氬彈鍐烽鍐锋按鍒烘縺锛屾湁杩囪韩蹇冪柌鍔冲厤鐤姏涓嬮檷锛屾湁杩囩揣寮犵劍铏戠瓑鎯呮劅娉㈠姩锛屾垨鑰呯梾姣掓劅鏌撳鎰熷啋鑰崇値鐤辩柟绛夈傛湁鐨勶紝杩樻槸瀹舵棌涓湁闈㈢槴鎮ｅ彶銆?span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">涓婅堪璧靛煿鍗伴潰鐦啅鑽唬琛ㄦт紶鎵夸汉璧电剺璁や负锛氫骇鐢熼潰鑲岀棄鎸涚殑鍘熷洜鍦ㄤ簬鐒﹁檻銆佺揣寮犮佸帇鍔涘ぇ锛屼竴鍙ヨ瘽鈥滆皨铏戜笉閬傗濄備骇鐢熼潰鐦殑鍘熷洜鍦ㄤ簬浜轰綋鍏嶇柅鍔涗笅闄嶇殑鍓嶆彁涓嬶紝闈㈢缁忎骇鐢熷井寰幆闅滅锛岄亣鍒拌鍥狅細濡傛儏缁師鍥狅紙鐢熸皵銆佸鎬曘佺劍铏戙佺揣寮犵瓑锛夛紱鍙楀噳锛堝噳椋庡噳姘村埡婵銆佸紑绐楃潯瑙夈佸紑杞︾獥绛夛級锛涙劅鍐掔梾姣掓劅鏌撶瓑锛屾槗浜х敓銆傚緢澶氫汉闈㈣倢鐥夋寷鍙婇潰鐦梾浜轰箣鍓嶆湁濡備笅缁忓巻锛氬彈鍐烽鍐锋按鍒烘縺锛屾湁杩囪韩蹇冪柌鍔冲厤鐤姏涓嬮檷锛屾湁杩囩揣寮犵劍铏戠瓑鎯呮劅娉㈠姩锛屾垨鑰呯梾姣掓劅鏌撳鎰熷啋鑰崇値鐤辩柟绛夈傛湁鐨勶紝杩樻槸瀹舵棌涓湁闈㈢槴鎮ｅ彶銆備笂杩伴潰鑲岃悗缂┿佺溂涓嶉棴銆佺湁涓嶆姮銆侀绾规棤銆佽烦鐪肩毊銆侀潰閮ㄦ娊鍔ㄣ佽倢鑲夐ⅳ鎶栥佽虫湹閲岄潰鐤肩瓑璇稿鎯呭喌銆傛湁浜涙槸鍗曠函闈㈢槴鎴栭潰鑲岀棄鎸涜〃鐜帮紝鏈変簺鍒欐槸闈㈢槴鐨勫悓鏃朵即鏈夐潰鑲岀棄鎸涖?/strong>鍥犱负鐥呯銆佺梾鍥犮佺棁鐘剁瓑涓嶄竴锛屽湪璋冪悊鐢ㄨ啅鏂归潰涔熶笉鑳戒竴姒傝岀敤锛屽悇鏈夊尯鍒?/span>
鈥滆档鍩瑰嵃鈥濋潰鐦侀潰鑲岀棄鎸涜啅鑽郴鍒楃殑浼樺娍鍦ㄤ簬锛岄氳繃璐磋啅娓楅忥紝鍔╀簬鍔犲己闈㈤儴琛娑插惊鐜紝鍔╀簬鍙楁崯鐦棯鐨勯潰绁炵粡濂借浆娲诲姏锛屾槸涓绉嶅鐦棯闈㈢缁忚绠＄殑钀ュ吇銆備竴鑸笉褰卞搷宸ヤ綔鐢熸椿锛屼笉鏀瑰彉鑷劧鐢熸椿瑙勫緥銆?span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">灏ゅ叾鏄叾杩介鎷旀瘨璐寸被鍨嬶紝閫氳繃浠呭嚑灏忔椂鐨勮创鐢?/strong>锛屽渚靛叆闈㈤儴鐨勯偑椋庝簣浠ュ惛鍑猴紝鏃堕棿鐭紝涓嶅奖鍝嶇編瑙傦紝鎴愪负鐖辩編浜哄＋鐨勯閫夈?/span>
涓夈佽佽啅鑽０瑾夎繙鎾洓闈㈠叓鏂?/strong>
姘戝浗鍒濆勾锛岀孩椤跺晢浜鸿儭闆博鍚庝汉鎮ｉ潰鐦箙娌讳笉鎰堬紝鍒板瀵昏鍚嶅尰楂樻墜涓嶅彲寰椼傛鍊艰儭瀹跺埌澶╂触璐╄嵂锛屽惉璇存穭鍗氬嵃娉藉爞璧甸敗搴氾紙璧靛煿鍗扮埗浜诧級娌婚潰鐦湁绁炴晥锛屼簬鏄笂闂ㄦ眰鑶忋傜粡绮惧績娌荤枟锛屽緱浠ョ棅鎰堬紝浠ゅ瘜鍟嗗叏瀹朵汉鏁僵涓嶅凡銆?/span>
1940骞达紝涓闈掑矝鏃ユ湰渚ㄦ皯寰椾簡闈㈢槴锛岃垂灏藉懆鎶樻壘鍒拌档閿″簹銆傝揩浜庡帇鍔涘拰鍖昏呴亾涔夛紝璧甸敗搴氫负杩欎釜鏃ユ湰浜鸿创浜嗛潰鐦啅鑽紝缁忚繃20澶╃棅鎰堛傛棩鏈鲸姘戝甫鐫閰掋佺偣蹇冦佺硸鏋滅瓑绀煎搧鐧婚棬鎷滆銆傚悕涔変笂鏄潵绛旇阿锛屽疄闄呬笂鏄浘璋嬪己涔扮鏂广傚綋缈昏瘧琛ㄨ揪浜嗚繖涓棩鏈鲸姘戠殑鎰忔濆悗锛岃档閿″簹涓鍙ｅ洖缁濅簡銆備换鍑棩鏈汉鎬庢牱杞‖鍏兼柦璁镐互楂樹环锛岃档閿″簹灏辨槸涓嶄负鎵鍔ㄣ傛棩鏈汉娌℃湁鍙栧緱绉樻柟锛屽嵈閫犳垚浜嗏滃嵃娉藉爞鑶忚嵂绉樻柟鍊奸挶鈥濈殑鑸嗚銆傞潚宸炰竴浼欏湡鍖妸璧甸敗搴氱粦绁ㄩ煎叾浜ゅ嚭绉樻柟锛屽垢浜忓叓璺啗鍓垮尓锛岃档閿″簹鎵嶅緱浠ヨ劚韬?/span>
鏃ユ湰渚靛崕鎴樹簤鐖嗗彂鍚庯紝姘戜紬鍥犱负鎯婂悡鎭愭厡绛夛紝闈㈣倢鐥夋寷鎴栭潰鐦棁鐘舵椂甯稿彂鐢燂紝鍗版辰鍫傝档閿″簹闈㈢槴鑶忚嵂鏇存槸娣卞彈鍚勭晫璁ゅ彲銆備竴涔濆洓涓骞达紝鍏矾鍐涘北涓滅旱闃熶笁鏀槦鍓徃浠ゅ憳鏉庝汉鍑ら瀵奸槦浼嶅湪鍛ㄨ竟鍦板尯杩涜鎶楁棩銆佹姉浼潻鍛芥枟浜夛紝鍏堕儴闃熶笂鏈変袱鍚嶆垬澹洜涓鸿浼忓彈瀵掕屼骇鐢熶簡鎬ユч潰鐦紝鎵惧埌璧甸敗搴氾紝涓哄叾鍏嶈垂璐村ソ銆?/span>
1953骞村勾搴曪紝鎶楃編鎻存湞蹇楁効鍐涗竴杩愯緭杩為┗鎵庡湪璧甸敗搴氭潙浼戞暣銆備竴浣嶆潕濮撳皬鎴樺＋绐佹偅闈㈢槴銆傛埧涓滆档鑽ｉ懌鍙婃椂鍜屽惔鐝暱棰嗙潃灏忔潕鎵惧埌璧甸敗搴氱敤闈㈢槴鑶忚嵂锛屽崐涓湀鍗崇棅鎰堛傝档閿″簹涓嶆敹鑽垂锛岃繛闀垮拰鎸囧鍛樹唬琛ㄦ垬澹滑鐧婚棬閬撹阿銆傝嚦浠婏紝鍏朵负蹇楁効鍐涙不鐥呬笉鏀惰垂銆佸啗姘戞儏娣辫繕鍦ㄥ綋鍦拌浼犱负浣宠瘽銆?/span>
鍥涖佽佽啅鑽尰鑽強鏂囧寲浠峰肩弽璐靛緟浜庢洿濂戒繚鎶?/strong>
璧靛煿鍗伴潰鐦紙闈㈣倢鐥夋寷锛夎啅鑽殑鍒朵綔鎶鑹轰綔涓轰腑鍖昏嵂鏂囧寲鐨勯噸瑕佺粍鎴愰儴鍒嗭紝鍦ㄦ不鐤楃枒闅剧梾鐥団旈潰鐦侀潰鑲岀棄鎸涚殑棰嗗煙涓紝鏈夌潃瀹冪嫭鐗圭殑浠峰煎強浣滅敤銆傜粡杩囦竴鐧惧骞寸殑涓村簥瀹炶返锛屾晥鏋滄繁鍙楀箍澶х兢浼椾俊鏈嶃傚榻愰瞾鍦板尯姘戦棿涓尰鑽枃鍖栫殑娣卞叆鐮旂┒涓庡彂灞曪紝涓板瘜涓尰浼犵粺鐤楁硶绛夋柟闈紝鍏锋湁閲嶈鐨勪环鍊煎強鎰忎箟銆?/span>
浠庢竻鏈濆悓娌诲勾闂村垱濮嬪嵃娉藉爞鑷充粖锛屾湡闂磋法瓒婅繎涓鐧惧叚鍗佸勾锛屽嵃娉藉爞璧靛煿鍗伴潰鐦啅鑽埗浣滄妧鑹虹殑浼犳壙浠庢棤闂存柇銆傛鏄粠涓嶉棿鏂殑閫犵骞垮ぇ缇や紬锛屾墠鏈変簡鍘嗙粡鐧惧勾娌夋穩锛屾垚涓哄疂璐电殑鑰佸瓧鍙枫?/span>
宸茶繛缁叚娆″簲閭鍙傚姞涓浗闈炵墿璐ㄦ枃鍖栭仐浜у崥瑙堜細銆佷腑鍥借佸瓧鍙峰崥瑙堜細锛岃繛缁袱娆″弬鍔犲浗鍔￠櫌涓尰涓嵂涓浗琛屽叏鍥藉贰灞曢」鐩?/strong>绗簲浠ｄ紶鎵夸汉璧电剺浜?011骞磋娣勫崥甯傚叕甯冧负闈為仐鏂囧寲椤圭洰浠ｈ〃鎬т紶鎵夸汉銆傚浗瀹躲佺渷甯傚尯绛夋斂搴滈儴闂ㄥ強鏈夎瘑蹇楀＋涔熺粰浜堜簡杈冮珮閲嶈鎵舵寔銆傚北涓滅渷鏀垮崗銆婅仈鍚堟棩鎶ャ嬨併婂ぇ浼楁棩鎶ャ嬨併婃祹鍗楁椂鎶ャ嬨併婃穭鍗氭棩鎶ャ嬬瓑鎶ュ垔锛涗腑澶數瑙嗗彴銆佸北涓滅數瑙嗗彴绛夊獟浣撳娆′簣浠ユ柊闂讳笓璁挎姤閬擄紝鎿︿寒杩欎竴鍝嶈獕榻愰瞾澶у湴鐨勬皯鏃忓搧鐗屻?span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">姝ｅ彲璋擄細榻愭淳鍖诲鍐犲懆绉︼紝婧愯繙娴侀暱浼犲悗涓栵紱鍩瑰嵃鑶忚嵂鍚嶅崕澶忥紝鐙爲涓甯滄儬浠婁汉锛?/span>
[璧电剺锛屾穭鍗氳亴涓氬闄骇涓氭暀鎺堛佹穭鍗氬競榻愭皯瑕佹湳鐮旂┒浼氫細闀裤?span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">灞变笢鐪佺骇闈為仐銆佽佸瓧鍙峰弻鑽ｈ獕椤圭洰锛嶈档鍩瑰嵃闈㈢槴鑶忚嵂鎺岄棬浜恒俔
鍥犱负娣勫崥璧靛煿鍗伴潰鐦啅鑽湪鍏ㄥ浗褰卞搷鍔涳紝鍑虹幇鏈変簺鍌嶅悕鐗岀殑琛屼负銆傚湪姝ゅ０鏄庯紝鍑℃槸涓嶄互鈥滆档鍩瑰嵃鈥濅负鍚嶇О锛屼竴寰嬩笌鎴戜滑鏃犲叧銆傝皑闃蹭笂褰撱傚叏鍥藉悇鍦板鑸?璧靛煿鍗伴潰鐦啅鑽紝鍗冲彲鍒拌揪銆傞壌鍒數璇?3365337166锛堝悓寰級
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